Henry Hall,
Dialogue on the Death of Henry Purcell
Introduction
Henry Purcell’s sudden and unexpected death on 21 November 1695 at the
age of 36 came
as a considerable shock to London’s artistic community. Within a few weeks
poetic tributes
began to appear, and before long some of them had been set to music by his colleagues
and
followers. Of these, three survive complete today: John Blow’s setting
of Dryden’s ode
‘Mark how the lark and linnet sing’, for two countertenors, two
recorders and continuo,
Jeremiah Clarke’s full-scale choral and orchestral ode ‘Come, come
along for a dance and a
song’, and the present work, Henry Hall’s ‘Yes, my Aminta
’tis too true’, for soprano, bass,
two recorders and continuo. The main source of Clarke ode, British Library,
Add. MS
30934, has a note in William Croft’s hand that the work was ‘perform’d
upon the stage of
Druery Lane play house’, so it may have been given in a staged form, with
the singers
dressed as shepherds and shepherdesses. Hall’s work is a dialogue between
a shepherd and a
shepherdess, and may have been performed on the same occasion in a similar manner.
Henry Hall was well qualified to commemorate Purcell. He was born in about
1656,
and so was two or three years older than Purcell. They had both been children
in the Chapel
Royal choir and had studied composition together under John Blow. Purcell remained
in
London while Hall worked as a provincial organist, first at Wells and Exeter
cathedrals and
then at Hereford, where he remained until his death in 1707. Hall was an accomplished
poet
as well as a composer, and wrote the text of ‘Yes, my Aminta’ as
well as the music. A version
of it survives in two anthologies of Hall’s poems in the Brotherton Library,
University of
Leeds, Brotherton Collection, MSS Lt 6, ff. 9-9v and Lt q5, pp. 52-53. Lt q5,
p. 80 also
contains another poetic tribute to Purcell by Hall, published in a revised version
in the first
volume of Orpheus Britannicus (1698), p. vi. Hall’s musical setting survives
in two sources: his
incomplete autograph score, Christ Church, Oxford, Mus. 1212(B), and a complete
score in
Bodleian Library, Oxford, Tenbury MS 1232, ff. 11-15v, the latter a composite
volume
apparently compiled by William Croft and subsequently owned by the Winchester
organist
James Kent. The autograph starts at the top of a page at b. 29, so it seems
that the first leaf,
which would have contained bb. 1-28, has been lost. This edition uses the autograph
as the
primary source except for bb. 1-28, supplied from the Tenbury manuscript.
In the Leeds manuscripts the poem is a dialogue between two male shepherds
(entitled in Lt q5 ‘A Dialogue between Palemon and Alexis Lamenting the
Death of the
Incomparable Mr. Henry Purcell’), but in the musical sources the characters
are Aminta, a
shepherdess, and an unnamed bass shepherd, and the text is more extended, ending
with a
chorus for both the characters; in the Leeds poem the characters just alternate
and Alexis
ends with the words ‘Once in an Age a Heroe here appears, / But scarce
a Daphnis in a
thousand years’. The extended version of the poem seems to be a revision
made by the
author to make it suitable for setting to music, enabling him to cast one of
the protagonists
as a soprano (presumably a woman rather than a boy), and thus to cast it as
a work for
soprano, bass with two recorders and continuo – a scoring used by Purcell
in his symphony
songs ‘Soft notes, and gently rais’d’ Z510 and ‘How
pleasant is this flow’ry plain and grove’
Z543.
In the dialogue Aminta tells how the death of Daphnis (Purcell) stopped the
birds
singing and prevented her from playing her pipe. They discuss Purcell’s
ability to write music
mirroring the passions of love and war, and then the shepherd describes the
composer’s
funeral, in music that aptly refers both to a funeral march and the tolling
of bells. The scale
motif in the instruments is probably a deliberate reference to the famous prelude
of Purcell’s
Bell Anthem, ‘Rejoice in the Lord alway’ Z49. The work ends with
a chorus in which Hall
seems to be urging their colleagues to pay respect to Purcell by abandoning
their profession.
‘Yes, my Aminta’ is his only substantial secular work to survive
complete; most of his
surviving output consists of anthems and services written for Hereford. It is
closest in style
to the dialogues and symphony songs Purcell wrote in the early 1680s, and follows
them in
its use of adventurous harmonies and sensitive, declamatory word setting.
Peter Holman,
Colchester,
June 2008
References:
F. Zimmerman, Henry Purcell, 1659-1695: his Life and Times (Philadelphia, 2/1983).
Odes on the Death of Henry Purcell, The Parley of Instruments / R. Goodman and
P. Holman,
Hyperion CDA66578 (1992).
T. Trowles, ‘The Musical Ode in Britain c.1670-1800’, Ph.D. thesis
(University of Oxford,
1992).
O. Pickering, ‘Henry Hall of Hereford’s Poetical Tributes to Henry
Purcell’, The Library, 6th
series, 16 (1994), 18-29.
----------------, ‘Henry Hall of Hereford and Henry Purcell: a Postscript’,
The Library, 7th
series, 3 (2002), 194-198.
B. Wood, ‘Henry Hall’, Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, at www.grovemusic.com
(accessed 29
May 2008).
Christ Church Library Music Catalogue, comp. J. Milsom, at http://library.chch.ox.ac.uk/music
(accessed 29 May 2008).